In this episode of Citizen One: Exploring Our Urban Future, an urbanNext original podcast series, I’m joined once again by author, architect, and urban theorist Ioanna Piniara. In Part 2 of our conversation, we dive into the politics of privacy, the afterlife of European modernism, and the spatial logic of neoliberalism.
Her new book, We Have Never Been Private: The Housing Project in Neoliberal Europe (Actar Publishers), interrogates the fiction of privacy—not as a universal right, but as a spatial ideology rooted in segregation, individualization, and the instrumentalization of housing as a tool of economic control.
Ioanna draws from the Heraclitean tradition of Greek philosophy, where opposing forces are not in conflict but in constant dialogue—each necessary to produce order and transformation. In her view, privacy and collectivity are not binaries to be resolved but dual forces to be designed together. When neoliberal systems elevate privacy as an isolated good, it collapses under its own weight. To reclaim its meaning, she argues, we must reintroduce the collective—not as its opposite, but as its condition. Like Heraclitus’s ever-changing river, the urban realm must balance and invite these tensions to shape a more just and livable order.
In Part 1, we examined how the Barbican Estate in London and Berlin’s IBA ’84/’87 subtly codified new forms of social exclusion through architectural language, planning rhetoric, and the cultural myths of middle-class subjectivity. In Part 2, our conversation turns to Athens—and what emerges is a deeply layered portrait of a city caught between its Cold War reconstruction fantasies and its austerity-ravaged present.
In this episode, we begin with Ioanna’s description of the Greek antiparochí system, which, beginning in the 1920s, offered a unique response to Athens’s housing crisis. Rather than build public housing, the government enabled private landowners to partner with developers: in exchange for their plots, owners received apartments in the newly built polykatoikíes—multi-story apartment blocks—while the rest were sold. This land-for-flats model fueled rapid urban growth, helped absorb waves of refugees and rural migrants, and shaped Athens into the dense, concrete city we know today. While it succeeded in expanding housing access, it also erased older neighborhoods and disrupted the city’s architectural continuity.
Next, we turn to what is now known as One Athens, a luxury residential complex nestled at the foot of Lycabettus Hill—today a gleaming symbol of exclusivity, but originally the headquarters of Doxiadis Associates, one of the most influential planning firms in postwar Greece. Designed in 1957 by the renowned architect Constantinos Doxiadis and completed in 1971, the modernist complex embodied a bold new vision for Athens, steeped in the ideals of technocratic progress and spatial order. Backed in part by Marshall Plan funding, Doxiadis’s work translated American postwar values—suburbanization, private ownership, and efficient planning—into a Greek urban context. It was modernism not just as style, but as ideology.
When the offices were vacated in the late 1990s and finally redeveloped in 2014, the transformation marked a dramatic shift. The site’s reinvention as One Athens introduced a new residential scale and typology into a city long shaped by the denser, more collective ‘polykatoikia’ apartment blocks. Once a hub of architectural experimentation, it was rebranded as a walled sanctuary of privilege—its rooftop pools and biometric gates a far cry from the postwar ethos of public-minded reconstruction. In that metamorphosis—from Cold War idealism to speculative real estate—we glimpse the full arc of postwar ambition collapsing into neoliberal exclusion.
But Ioanna doesn’t stop there. She draws our attention to Kesarianí, a neighborhood forged in the crucible of refugee displacement and wartime trauma. Here, amid the grid of the Trigono settlement blocks, a different story unfolds—one of collective endurance, mutual support, and what she calls "housing as a resilient commons." These low-rise units, often dismissed in the official discourse of planning, have survived decades of political neglect, economic instability, and bureaucratic invisibility.
Rather than being “upgraded” into luxury condos or hollowed out by speculation, the Trigono blocks remain socially vital, thanks in large part to informal solidarities, shared routines, and memory-based place-making. As we discuss in the episode, they challenge the very criteria by which we judge “successful” housing—inviting us to rethink how value is assigned, how privacy is practiced, and how architectural meaning is sustained outside the marketplace.
Ioanna’s work illuminates a crucial tension at the heart of contemporary urbanism: the tension between spaces that produce isolated consumers, and those that nurture embedded citizens. What kinds of urban futures are we building, and for whom?
Listen to Part 2 of our conversation for a rich, rigorously argued, and emotionally resonant tour through Athens’s architectural rewrites—from Cold War geopolitics to the brutal logics of Airbnb, from elite retreat to refugee resistance.
If you missed Part 1, go back to hear our deep dive into London and Berlin’s postwar urban experiments—and how even their most iconic buildings reproduce structures of exclusion.
Ioanna Piniara’s We Have Never Been Private is available now from Actar Publishers.
#Architecture #Athens #Kesariani #MarshallPlan #AusterityUrbanism #HousingJustice #UrbanCommons #CitizenOne #UrbanFuture #IoannaPiniara #Neoliberalism #SpatialPolitics #SmartCities
Share this post